《电子商务法》2025年新亮点 

In the context of the rapid growth of digital consumption demand, e-commerce has developed swiftly and become an important driver of the economic growth. According to information from the Ministry of Industry and Trade, e-commerce in Vietnam has maintained an average growth rate of 20–30% per year[1], with market size reaching USD 31 billion, accounting for approximately 10% of total retail sales of goods and consumer services[2]. However, the current legal framework on e-commerce is primarily regulated by decrees, resulting in fragmented regulations and a lack of a systematic legal framework. Several new business models with complex issues arising from the digital economy have not been fully regulated, creating legal gray areas, and requiring a unified, consistent, and comprehensive legal framework to govern this sector. 

随着数字消费需求持续增长，电子商务已成为推动越南经济发展的重要引擎之一。根据越南工贸部公布的数据，近年来越南电子商务市场保持约20%至30%的年均增长率1，市场规模已达310亿美元，约占全国商品零售及消费服务总额的10%2。然而，目前越南电子商务领域的监管规则主要散见于各项法令和配套规定之中，整体法律体系仍有待完善。与此同时，数字经济催生的新型商业模式不断涌现，部分新业态及相关法律问题尚未得到充分规范，导致实践中出现一定的监管空白。因此，建立统一、系统且具有前瞻性的法律框架，已成为电子商务行业健康发展的现实需求。 

In response to this situation, on 10 December 2025, the National Assembly officially adopted the Law on E-Commerce 2025, which will take effect on 1 July 2026, marking the first time Vietnam has had a specialized law comprehensively regulating E-commerce activities. Below are several notable provisions of the Law. 

在此背景下，越南国会于2025年12月10日正式通过《电子商务法（2025）》，并将于2026年7月1日起施行。这是越南首次以专门法律的形式，对电子商务活动进行全面规范，标志着越南电子商务监管体系迈入新的发展阶段。以下为该法值得关注的若干重点内容。 

1. Classification of e-commerce platforms

一、电子商务平台的分类 

An e-commerce platform is defined as a digital platform established to conduct e-commerce activities[3]. Accordingly, e-commerce platforms are classified into 04 types based on their operating models, including: 

电子商务平台是指为开展电子商务活动而设立的数字平台3。根据运营模式不同，电子商务平台分为以下四类： 

• Direct e-commerce platforms: are e-commerce platforms established by organizations or individuals to directly sell goods or provide services[4]. 

直接电子商务平台: 指由组织或个人自行设立，并直接销售商品或提供服务的平台4。 

• Intermediary e-commerce platforms: are e-commerce platforms that allow other organizations or individuals to register accounts in order to introduce, sell goods, or provide services on that platform[5]. 

中介电子商务平台: 指允许其他组织或个人开设账户，在平台上展示、销售商品或提供服务的平台5。 

• Social media platforms conducting e-commerce activities: are social media platforms that integrate at least one of the functions of online communication, online ordering, livestream sales to support the conclusion of contracts and the conduct of e-commerce activities[6]. 

开展电子商务活动的社交媒体平台: 指整合在线交流、在线下单、直播销售等一项或多项功能，并用于支持合同订立及电子商务交易活动的社交媒体平台6。 

• Integrated e-commerce platforms: are e-commerce platforms that allow the integration of other e-commerce platforms within the same platform, excluding platforms that only provide e-commerce support services, online communication services for the integrated e-commerce platform itself[7]. 

综合电子商务平台: 指允许其他电子商务平台接入并在同一系统内开展运营的平台，但仅提供电子商务辅助服务或通信服务的平台除外7。 

2. Seller identification on e-commerce marketplaces

电子商务市场上的卖家身份认证 

Before being permitted to sell on an intermediary e-commerce platform, the seller must undergo electronic identity authentication conducted by the platform operator in accordance with the Law on E-Commerce and the law on electronic identification and authentication. In case the seller is a foreign organization or individual, identity verification shall be conducted through lawful documentation[8]. 

新法规定，卖家在获准于中介电子商务平台开展经营活动前，应完成电子身份认证。相关认证工作由平台运营方负责实施，并应符合《电子商务法》以及有关电子身份识别与认证法律法规的要求。对于外国组织或个人卖家，则应通过合法有效的证明文件完成身份核验8。 

Platform operators shall require electronic authentication through the services of electronic authentication service providers[9]. Currently, the only such organization is the Research and Application Center for Population Data and Citizen Identification (RAR Center) under the Police Department for Administrative Management of Social Order, Ministry of Public Security[10]. The implementation of electronic authentication at the request of the platform operator must be carried out with the consent of the electronic identity holder through confirmation on VNeID, SMS verification via the registered phone number, or other forms of confirmation as prescribed[11]. 

平台运营方应通过依法设立的电子认证服务机构开展身份认证9。目前，越南具备相关资质的机构为越南公安部社会秩序行政管理警察局下属的人口数据与公民身份识别研究应用中心（RAR Center）10。在实际操作中，电子身份认证应当在取得身份持有人同意的基础上，通过VNeID应用确认、注册手机号短信验证或法律规定的其他方式完成身份核验11。 

The application of electronic authentication mechanisms facilitates competent state authorities in tracing sellers and handling cases involving counterfeit goods or goods infringing intellectual property rights. As a result, tax authorities may manage more effectively to prevent losses of state budget revenue, enhance the reliability of transactions, limit the misuse of platforms for unlawful activities, and protect consumer rights. 

从监管层面来看，身份认证机制的建立有助于主管机关有效追溯卖家主体信息，遏制销售假冒伪劣商品和侵犯知识产权商品等违法行为。同时，该机制能够提升税收征管效能，防止税源流失，提高交易透明度，并进一步强化消费者权益保护。 

3. Supplementation of regulations on Livestreaming and Affiliate Marketing

补充直播和联盟营销规定 

Under the Law on E-Commerce 2025, for the first time, livestream sales and affiliate marketing activities are brought within the scope of regulation. Accordingly, similar to sellers, individuals conducting livestream sales and affiliate marketers are responsible for providing information for identity authentication purposes[12]. 

《电子商务法（2025）》首次对直播销售及联盟营销活动作出专门规定。根据新法要求，从事直播销售活动的个人以及联盟营销推广人员，均需按照规定提供身份认证信息，其身份核验义务与平台卖家基本一致12。 

In addition, prior to conducting livestream sales activities, the seller is responsible for providing the livestream host with the following supporting documents: 

此外，在开展直播销售活动前，卖家还应向直播主播提供以下材料： 

• Documents evidencing compliance with investment and business conditions for conditional business lines (if any); and 

证明符合有条件业务线投资和业务条件的文件（如有）；和 

• Documents evidencing that the products or goods satisfy quality requirements under the laws on product and goods quality[13]. 

证明产品或货物符合产品和货物质量法律规定的质量要求的文件13。 

4. Tightening the regulation of e-commerce activities with foreign elements

加强对涉外电子商务活动的监管 

The Law on E-Commerce 2025 dedicates Chapter IV to regulating e-commerce activities with foreign elements. A foreign e-commerce platform operating in Vietnam is a platform managed by a foreign organization, lawfully operating abroad, and falling into one of the following cases: 

《电子商务法（2025）》专门设立第四章，对涉外电子商务活动作出系统规定。境外电子商务平台是指由境外组织管理并依法在境外运营，同时符合以下任一条件的平台： 

• Offering Vietnamese as a display language option; 

提供越南语作为显示语言选项； 

• Using the national domain name “.vn”; or 

使用国家域名“.vn”；或 

• Reaching a transaction threshold with buyers in Vietnam (excluding direct e-commerce platforms without an online ordering function)[14]. 

与越南买家达到法定交易规模门槛（不包括不具备在线下单功能的直接电子商务平台）14。 

For intermediary e-commerce platforms, social media platforms conducting e-commerce activities, or integrated e-commerce platforms with an online ordering function, the platform operator must establish a legal entity in Vietnam before displaying Vietnamese language options, using the “.vn” domain name, or after reaching the transaction threshold with buyers in Vietnam, unless otherwise provided under Vietnamese law or international treaties to which Vietnam is a party[15]. 

对于具备在线下单功能的中介电子商务平台、社交媒体电商平台以及综合电子商务平台，其运营方原则上应在越南设立法人实体后，方可提供越南语界面、使用“.vn”域名或在达到交易门槛后继续开展业务，除非越南法律或越南参加的国际条约另有规定15。 

Where an international treaty does not permit the requirement to establish a legal entity in Vietnam, the platform operator is not required to establish such entity[16], but must: 

如适用的国际条约不允许越南要求设立本地法人实体，则相关平台虽无需在越南设立公司16，但仍须履行以下义务： 

• Appoint a legal entity in Vietnam under authorization; 

指定一家越南法人实体作为授权代表； 

• Make a deposit at a bank in Vietnam to ensure compensation for consumers and the fulfillment of financial obligations to the State; 

在越南银行缴存保证金，以保障消费者赔偿责任及国家财政义务的履行； 

• Satisfy the conditions relating to the management and operation of e-commerce platforms[17]. 

满足电子商务平台运营管理相关条件17。 

The Law on E-Commerce 2025 represents an important step forward in establishing a unified and comprehensive legal foundation for e-commerce activities in Vietnam. The improvement of the legal framework for E-commerce not only strengthens the protection of consumer rights but also creates a transparent and fair business environment for legitimate businesses and lawful goods, thereby promoting the sustainable development of the digital economy. 

《电子商务法（2025）》的出台，为越南电子商务市场建立了更为统一、完整的法律基础。随着监管框架不断完善，消费者权益保护机制将进一步加强，市场竞争环境也有望更加透明、公平，从而为数字经济的长期发展提供更有力的制度保障。